Info! This is a derivative of the model jones1

jenkinson1

The SBML for this model was obtained from the BioModels database (BioModels ID: BIOMD0000000399) Biomodels notes: Figure 1 and S1 of the reference publication has been reproduced here. The inconsistency between the y-axis measure of the curation figure and that of the paper is due to the units. In the papers, ERK_PP concentration dynamics is measured in mol/m3 and as the number of molecules. The plot shows the dynamics of ERK_PP for different values of EGF ranging from 0.0625ng/mL to 50ng/mL. In the model, EGF is presented as the number of molecules. EGF=5962molecules correspond to 50ng/mL, 596.2molecules correspond to 5ng/mL, 49.62 correspond to .5ng/mL, 12.405molecules correspond to 0.125ng/mL and 6.2025molecules correspond to 0.0625ng/mL. The simulated was done using Copasi v4.7 (Build 34). JWS Online curation: This model was curated by reproducing Figures 1A and 1B.

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Thermodynamically consistent model calibration in chemical kinetics.

  • Garrett Jenkinson
  • John Goutsias
BMC Syst Biol 2011; 5 (4): 64-338
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The dynamics of biochemical reaction systems are constrained by the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, which impose well-defined relationships among the reaction rate constants characterizing these systems. Constructing biochemical reaction systems from experimental observations often leads to parameter values that do not satisfy the necessary thermodynamic constraints. This can result in models that are not physically realizable and may lead to inaccurate, or even erroneous, descriptions of cellular function.
RESULTS: We introduce a thermodynamically consistent model calibration (TCMC) method that can be effectively used to provide thermodynamically feasible values for the parameters of an open biochemical reaction system. The proposed method formulates the model calibration problem as a constrained optimization problem that takes thermodynamic constraints (and, if desired, additional non-thermodynamic constraints) into account. By calculating thermodynamically feasible values for the kinetic parameters of a well-known model of the EGF/ERK signaling cascade, we demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative significance of imposing thermodynamic constraints on these parameters and the effectiveness of our method for accomplishing this important task. MATLAB software, using the Systems Biology Toolbox 2.1, can be accessed from http://www.cis.jhu.edu/~goutsias/CSS lab/software.html. An SBML file containing the thermodynamically feasible EGF/ERK signaling cascade model can be found in the BioModels database.
CONCLUSIONS: TCMC is a simple and flexible method for obtaining physically plausible values for the kinetic parameters of open biochemical reaction systems. It can be effectively used to recalculate a thermodynamically consistent set of parameter values for existing thermodynamically infeasible biochemical reaction models of cellular function as well as to estimate thermodynamically feasible values for the parameters of new models. Furthermore, TCMC can provide dimensionality reduction, better estimation performance, and lower computational complexity, and can help to alleviate the problem of data overfitting.

Unit definitions have no effect on the numerical analysis of the model. It remains the responsibility of the modeler to ensure the internal numerical consistency of the model. If units are provided, however, the consistency of the model units will be checked.

Name Definition
1.0 item
60.0 second
1e-12 litre
0.016666666666666666 second^(-1.0)
0.016666666666666666 item second^(-1.0)
0.016666666666666666 second^(-1.0) item^(-1.0)
1.6666666666666667e-14 litre item^(-1.0) second^(-1.0)
Id Name Spatial dimensions Size
c1 extracellular volume 3.0 1.0
c2 cytoplasm 3.0 1.0
c3 endosomal volume 3.0 0.0000043
Id Name Initial quantity Compartment Fixed
EGF_EGFR_act t_EGF_EGFR* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
ERK_PP t_ERK_PP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
MEK_PP t_MEK_PP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
Raf_act t_Raf* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
Ras_GTP t_Ras_GTP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
SHC_P_t t_SHC_P_t 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x1 EGF 4962.0 c1 (extracellular volume)
x10 EGF-EGFRi 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x11 EGF-EGFRi^2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x12 Prot 81000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x13 EGFideg 0.0 c3 (endosomal volume)
x14 GAP 12000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x15 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP 0.0 c3 (endosomal volume)
x16 EGFi 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x17 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x18 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP-Grb2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x19 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP-Grb2-Sos 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x2 EGFR 50000.0 c1 (extracellular volume)
x20 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GDP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x21 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GTP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x22 Grb2 11000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x23 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Grb2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x24 Sos 26300.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x25 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Grb2-Sos 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x26 Ras-GDP 72000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x27 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GDP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x28 Ras-GTP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x29 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GTP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x3 EGF-EGFR 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x30 Grb2-Sos 40000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x31 Shc 101000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x32 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Shc 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x33 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Shc* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x34 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x35 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2-Sos 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x36 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GDP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x37 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GTP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x38 Shc*-Grb2-Sos 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x39 Shc*-Grb2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x4 EGF-EGFR^2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x40 Shc* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x41 Raf 40000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x42 Raf-Ras-GTP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x43 Ras-GTP* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x44 Phosphotase1 40000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x45 Raf* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x46 Raf*-P'ase 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x47 MEK 22000000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x48 MEK-Raf* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x49 MEK-P 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x5 EGF-EGFR*^2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x50 MEK-P-Raf* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x51 MEK-PP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x52 MEK-PP-P'ase2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x53 Phosphatase2 40000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x54 MEK-P-P'ase2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x55 ERK 21000000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x56 ERK-MEK-PP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x57 ERK-P 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x58 ERK-P-MEK-PP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x59 ERK-PP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x6 EGFRi 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x60 Phosphotase3 10000000.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x61 ERK-PP-P'ase3 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x62 ERK-P-P'ase3 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x63 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP-Shc 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x64 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP-Shc* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x65 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x66 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2-Sos 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x67 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GDP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x68 EGF-EGFRi*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GTP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x69 Rasi-GTP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x7 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Grb2-Prot 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x70 Rafi-Rasi-GTP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x71 Rasi-GTP* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x72 Rafi* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x73 Rafi*-P'ase 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x74 MEKi-Rafi* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x75 MEKi-P 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x76 MEKi-P-Rafi* 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x77 MEKi-PP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x78 MEKi-PP-P'ase2i 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x79 MEKi-P-P'ase2i 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x8 EGF-EGFRi*^2 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x80 ERKi-MEKi-PP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x81 ERKi-P 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x82 ERKi-P-MEKi-PP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x83 ERKi-PP 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x84 ERKi-PP-P'ase3i 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x85 ERKi-P-P'ase3i 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x86 EGFRideg 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x87 EGF-EGFRi*^2deg 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x88 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Grb2-Sos-Prot 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x89 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GDP-Prot 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x9 Proti 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x90 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GTP-Prot 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x91 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2-Prot 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x92 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2-Sos-Prot 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x93 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GDP-Prot 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)
x94 EGF-EGFR*^2-GAP-Shc*-Grb2-Sos-Ras-GTP-Prot 0.0 c2 (cytoplasm)

Initial assignments are expressions that are evaluated at time=0. It is not recommended to create initial assignments for all model entities. Restrict the use of initial assignments to cases where a value is expressed in terms of values or sizes of other model entities. Note that it is not permitted to have both an initial assignment and an assignment rule for a single model entity.

Definition
Id Name Objective coefficient Reaction Equation and Kinetic Law Flux bounds
v1 v1 x1 + x2 = x3

k1 * x1 * x2 - kr1 * x3
v10 v10 x6 + x16 = x10

k10 * x6 * x16 - kr10 * x10
v100 v100 x60 + x81 = x85

k58 * x60 * x81 - kr58 * x85
v101 v101 x85 = x55 + x60

k59 * x85
v102 v102 x15 = x17

k6 * x15 - kr6 * x17
v103 v103 x32 = x63

k6 * x32 - kr6 * x63
v104 v104 x33 = x64

k6 * x33 - kr6 * x64
v105 v105 x25 = x19

k6 * x25 - kr6 * x19
v106 v106 x25 + x12 = x88

k4 * x25 * x12 - kr4 * x88
v107 v107 x88 = x9 + x19

k5 * x88
v108 v108 x27 = x20

k6 * x27 - kr6 * x20
v109 v109 x27 + x12 = x89

k4 * x27 * x12 - kr4 * x89
v11 v11 {2.0}x10 = x11

k2 * x10 * x10 - kr2 * x11
v110 v110 x89 = x9 + x20

k5 * x89
v111 v111 x29 = x21

k6 * x29 - kr6 * x21
v112 v112 x29 + x12 = x90

k4 * x29 * x12 - kr4 * x90
v113 v113 x90 = x9 + x21

k5 * x90
v114 v114 x34 = x65

k6 * x34 - kr6 * x65
v115 v115 x34 + x12 = x91

k4 * x34 * x12 - kr4 * x91
v116 v116 x91 = x9 + x65

k5 * x91
v117 v117 x35 = x66

k6 * x35 - kr6 * x66
v118 v118 x35 + x12 = x92

k4 * x35 * x12 - kr4 * x92
v119 v119 x92 = x9 + x66

k5 * x92
v12 v12 x11 = x8

k3 * x11 - kr3 * x8
v120 v120 x36 = x67

k6 * x36 - kr6 * x67
v121 v121 x36 + x12 = x93

k4 * x36 * x12 - kr4 * x93
v122 v122 x93 = x9 + x67

k5 * x93
v123 v123 x37 = x68

k6 * x37 - kr6 * x68
v124 v124 x37 + x12 = x94

k4 * x37 * x12 - kr4 * x94
v125 v125 x94 = x68 + x9

k5 * x94
v13 v13 ∅ > x2

k13
v14 v14 x8 + x14 = x17

k14 * x8 * x14 - kr14 * x17
v15 v15 x9 > x12

k15 * x9
v16 v16 x22 + x15 = x23

k16 * x22 * x15 - kr16 * x23
v17 v17 x24 + x23 = x25

k17 * x24 * x23 - kr17 * x25
v18 v18 x26 + x25 = x27

k18 * x26 * x25 - kr18 * x27
v19 v19 x27 = x28 + x25

k19 * x27 - kr19 * x28 * x25
v2 v2 {2.0}x3 = x4

k2 * x3 * x3 - kr2 * x4
v20 v20 x25 + x43 = x29

k20 * x25 * x43 - kr20 * x29
v21 v21 x29 = x25 + x26

k21 * x29 - kr21 * x25 * x26
v22 v22 x31 + x15 = x32

k22 * x31 * x15 - kr22 * x32
v23 v23 x32 = x33

k23 * x32 - kr23 * x33
v24 v24 x22 + x33 = x34

k24 * x22 * x33 - kr24 * x34
v25 v25 x24 + x34 = x35

k25 * x24 * x34 - kr25 * x35
v26 v26 x26 + x35 = x36

k18 * x26 * x35 - kr18 * x36
v27 v27 x36 = x35 + x28

k19 * x36 - kr19 * x35 * x28
v28 v28 x28 + x41 = x42

k28 * x28 * x41 - kr28 * x42
v29 v29 x42 = x43 + x45

k29 * x42 - kr29 * x43 * x45
v3 v3 x4 = x5

k3 * x4 - kr3 * x5
v30 v30 x35 + x43 = x37

k20 * x35 * x43 - kr20 * x37
v31 v31 x37 = x35 + x26

k21 * x37 - kr21 * x35 * x26
v32 v32 x35 = x15 + x38

k32 * x35 - kr32 * x15 * x38
v33 v33 x38 = x40 + x30

k33 * x38 - kr33 * x40 * x30
v34 v34 x25 = x15 + x30

k34 * x25 - kr34 * x15 * x30
v35 v35 x30 = x24 + x22

k35 * x30 - kr35 * x24 * x22
v36 v36 x40 > x31

Vm36 * x40 / (Km36 + x40)
v37 v37 x33 = x15 + x40

k37 * x33 - kr37 * x15 * x40
v38 v38 x22 + x40 = x39

k24 * x22 * x40 - kr24 * x39
v39 v39 x34 = x15 + x39

k37 * x34 - kr37 * x15 * x39
v4 v4 x23 + x12 = x7

k4 * x23 * x12 - kr4 * x7
v40 v40 x24 + x39 = x38

k40 * x24 * x39 - kr40 * x38
v41 v41 x30 + x33 = x35

k41 * x30 * x33 - kr41 * x35
v42 v42 x44 + x45 = x46

k42 * x44 * x45 - kr42 * x46
v43 v43 x46 = x41 + x44

k43 * x46
v44 v44 x47 + x45 = x48

k44 * x47 * x45 - kr44 * x48
v45 v45 x48 = x49 + x45

k45 * x48
v46 v46 x49 + x45 = x50

k44 * x49 * x45 - kr44 * x50
v47 v47 x50 = x51 + x45

k47 * x50
v48 v48 x51 + x53 = x52

k48 * x51 * x53 - kr48 * x52
v49 v49 x52 = x49 + x53

k49 * x52
v5 v5 x7 = x18 + x9

k5 * x7
v50 v50 x53 + x49 = x54

k50 * x53 * x49 - kr50 * x54
v51 v51 x54 = x47 + x53

k49 * x54
v52 v52 x55 + x51 = x56

k52 * x55 * x51 - kr52 * x56
v53 v53 x56 = x51 + x57

k53 * x56
v54 v54 x51 + x57 = x58

k52 * x51 * x57 - kr52 * x58
v55 v55 x58 = x59 + x51

k55 * x58
v56 v56 x59 + x60 = x61

k56 * x59 * x60 - kr56 * x61
v57 v57 x61 = x57 + x60

k57 * x61
v58 v58 x60 + x57 = x62

k58 * x60 * x57 - kr58 * x62
v59 v59 x62 = x55 + x60

k59 * x62
v6 v6 x2 = x6

k6 * x2 - kr6 * x6
v60 v60 x6 > x86

k60 * x6
v61 v61 x16 > x13

k61 * x16
v62 v62 x8 > x87

k60 * x8
v63 v63 x17 + x22 = x18

k16 * x17 * x22 - kr16 * x18
v64 v64 x24 + x18 = x19

k17 * x24 * x18 - kr17 * x19
v65 v65 x26 + x19 = x20

k18 * x26 * x19 - kr18 * x20
v66 v66 x20 = x69 + x19

k19 * x20 - kr19 * x69 * x19
v67 v67 x71 + x19 = x21

k20 * x71 * x19 - kr20 * x21
v68 v68 x21 = x19 + x26

k21 * x21 - kr21 * x19 * x26
v69 v69 x31 + x17 = x63

k22 * x31 * x17 - kr22 * x63
v7 v7 x5 > x8

k7 * x5
v70 v70 x63 = x64

k23 * x63 - kr23 * x64
v71 v71 x22 + x64 = x65

k24 * x22 * x64 - kr24 * x65
v72 v72 x24 + x65 = x66

k25 * x24 * x65 - kr25 * x66
v73 v73 x26 + x66 = x67

k18 * x26 * x66 - kr18 * x67
v74 v74 x67 = x66 + x69

k19 * x67 - kr19 * x66 * x69
v75 v75 x69 + x41 = x70

k28 * x69 * x41 - kr28 * x70
v76 v76 x70 = x71 + x72

k29 * x70 - kr29 * x71 * x72
v77 v77 x71 + x66 = x68

k20 * x71 * x66 - kr20 * x68
v78 v78 x68 = x66 + x26

k21 * x68 - kr21 * x66 * x26
v79 v79 x66 = x17 + x38

k32 * x66 - kr32 * x17 * x38
v8 v8 x5 + x14 = x15

k8 * x5 * x14 - kr8 * x15
v80 v80 x19 = x17 + x30

k34 * x19 - kr34 * x17 * x30
v81 v81 x64 = x17 + x40

k37 * x64 - kr37 * x17 * x40
v82 v82 x65 = x17 + x39

k37 * x65 - kr37 * x17 * x39
v83 v83 x30 + x64 = x66

k41 * x30 * x64 - kr41 * x66
v84 v84 x44 + x72 = x73

k42 * x44 * x72 - kr42 * x73
v85 v85 x73 = x41 + x44

k43 * x73
v86 v86 x47 + x72 = x74

k44 * x47 * x72 - kr44 * x74
v87 v87 x74 = x75 + x72

k45 * x74
v88 v88 x72 + x75 = x76

k44 * x72 * x75 - kr44 * x76
v89 v89 x76 = x72 + x77

k47 * x76
v9 v9 x23 > x18

k7 * x23
v90 v90 x77 + x53 = x78

k48 * x77 * x53 - kr48 * x78
v91 v91 x78 = x75 + x53

k49 * x78
v92 v92 x53 + x75 = x79

k50 * x53 * x75 - kr50 * x79
v93 v93 x79 = x47 + x53

k49 * x79
v94 v94 x55 + x77 = x80

k52 * x55 * x77 - kr52 * x80
v95 v95 x80 = x81 + x77

k53 * x80
v96 v96 x77 + x81 = x82

k52 * x77 * x81 - kr52 * x82
v97 v97 x82 = x83 + x77

k55 * x82
v98 v98 x83 + x60 = x84

k56 * x83 * x60 - kr56 * x84
v99 v99 x84 = x81 + x60

k57 * x84

Global parameters

Id Value
C 0.0
Km36 771977800000000.0
RT 50000.0
Vm36 615.0325
k1 0.002372521
k10 3803.728
k11 0.000480156
k12 31.71871
k13 0.4545611
k14 0.0000006370566
k15 46468.78
k16 0.0004021305
k17 0.0003099213
k18 0.004463938
k19 349.772
k2 0.000480156
k20 0.0000517656
k21 0.4722901
k22 0.0001445554
k23 420.3359
k24 0.007178843
k25 0.0006871213
k28 0.000009826084
k29 931.1092
k3 31.71871
k32 14.19908
k33 10.96212
k34 0.2467995
k35 1.836058
k37 29.34687
k4 0.00003047285
k40 0.00007409959
k41 0.001522817
k42 0.009688174
k43 51.60945
k44 0.001406622
k45 6340.081
k47 1632.425
k48 0.0006874119
k49 10.73099
k5 0.0
k50 0.0005464454
k52 0.003826571
k53 62181.84
k55 1120.398
k56 0.004700229
k57 19.75184
k58 0.0001714511
k59 6.409354
k6 0.0004123214
k60 0.08693199
k61 0.006499143
k7 0.003011324
k8 0.0005174108
kr1 0.1146248
kr10 171.6947
kr11 0.5100538
kr12 2.220991
kr14 196.6479
kr16 0.4509308
kr17 2.524092
kr18 11.1361
kr19 0.00000584737
kr2 0.5100538
kr20 12.816
kr21 0.00001714441
kr22 0.6220457
kr23 17.39321
kr24 563.2135
kr25 1.218132
kr28 0.9683624
kr29 0.0001096614
kr3 2.220991
kr32 0.0000554527
kr33 0.00001788597
kr34 0.0001283286
kr35 0.0003866434
kr37 0.000005477036
kr4 0.1230832
kr40 2.748877
kr41 44.60169
kr42 1.870396
kr44 0.5985189
kr48 1489.015
kr50 9.954943
kr52 19.85279
kr56 1.229629
kr58 0.1138168
kr6 0.294324
kr8 0.9058936

Local parameters

Id Value Reaction

Assignment rules

Definition
k5 = piecewise(1.55, lt((RT / (kr1 / (k1 * x1) + 1.0)), 3100.0), 0.2, gt((RT / (kr1 / (k1 * x1) + 1.0)), 100000.0), (RT / (kr1 / (k1 * x1) + 1.0)) * -1.350000e-05 + 1.55)
C = RT / (kr1 / (k1 * x1) + 1.0)
EGF_EGFR_act = x5 + x7 + x15 + x23 + x25 + x27 + x29 + x32 + x33 + x34 + x35 + x36 + x37 + x88 + x89 + x90 + x91 + x92 + x93 + x94 + x8 + x11 + x17 + x18 + x19 + x20 + x21 + x63 + x64 + x65 + x66 + x67 + x68
SHC_P_t = x33 + x34 + x35 + x36 + x37 + x38 + x39 + x40 + x91 + x92 + x93 + x94 + x64 + x65 + x66 + x67 + x68
Raf_act = x45 + x46 + x48 + x50 + x72 + x73 + x74 + x76
ERK_PP = x59 + x83
MEK_PP = x51 + x77
Ras_GTP = x42 + x28 + x70 + x69

Rate rules

Definition

Algebraic rules

Definition
Trigger Assignments